Victims of Hate Crimes and Racial Prejudice - 1219 Words

Do you believe that the establishment of terrorism as a crime that can be committed domestically has changed policing? How? Why? Provide examples. Yes, I believe so. How- by the passing of patriotic act by the congress Why in order to respond to terrorist attacks the act allowed federal officials to trace and intercept communication that might be useful in prevention of terrorist attack. In addition, the powers to reorganization of counter terrorism policing and increase of police powers. Another reason as to why it has brought change is by bringing about the restructuring of local police and the federal state agencies, and new refocusing of resources (Riley Hoffman, 1995). Moreover, by the standardization of methods of enacting†¦show more content†¦Nevertheless, this applies to both men and women of all ages this has especially increased due to the September 11 bombing. Context under which racial profiling occurs include while driving, while walking, while travelling through airport, while doing shopping, while at home, and while travelling to places of worship. However, no substantial action taken to curb the humiliating act that causes devastation emotional stress to its victim’s (online source http/www.civilrights.org). Example is the restriction of the Muslim boy who was only eight years at the airport at Oklahoma for carrying a derby car made of pinewood. The security official dismantled the boy’s toy car after searching him. Another example the case of Kimberly a Muslim American woman who was taken in for questioning and asked on her views on the war in Iraq and accused of being in the country illegally and belonging to a terrorist gang. What laws and services are available for victims of racial profiling? Racial profiling can be defined as the belief that an individual belonging to a certain race will commit a certain crime or behave in a certain manner. Mostly government agencies and police or those in authority execute racial profiling. It occurs to individuals of all races, which make it essential for people to know the racial profiling laws. It is a racial profiling crime, for a cop to arrest a group of young black men or even search them for paraphernalia and end up finding nothing.Show MoreRelated Profile of a Hate Crime Offender Essay1614 Words   |  7 PagesProfile of a Hate Crime Offender Sterilized from emotion, hate crime, also called bias crime, is those offenses motivated in part or singularly by personal prejudice against other because of a diversity-race, sexual orientation, religion, ethnicity/national origin, or disability. Hate crimes are committed out of anger, ignorance, and lack of knowledge of another’s ideas and beliefs. There are many causes for an individual to commit a hate crime. Also, many differentRead MoreHate Crime990 Words   |  4 PagesHate Crime The simplest definition of what a hate crime is, is a crime committed against a victim due to his or her perceived role in a social group. Social groups can be defined by many factors such as sexual orientation, race, disability, religion, age, gender and many other factors. Within this essay I aim to evaluate the causes of hate crime and also to assess the impact of crime on victims and the strategies used for responding to hate crime. The types of hate crime I am going to be focusingRead More The Reality of To Kill A Mockingbird Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesin this novel related to non-fictional racial events in history. Leading the list of racial crimes would be hate crimes, such as lynching. Hate crimes are violent acts against people, property, or organizations due to the group to which they belong or identify with. Hate crimes are sadly a tragic part of American history. By far the largest determinant of hate crimes is racial bias, with African Americans the group at greatest risk. (â€Å"Hate Crimes†¦Ã¢â‚¬  1) Lynching was one of the most popularRead MoreEssay on hate crimes661 Words   |  3 Pages Defining Hate Crimes Hate crimes has become an increasing problem here in the united states ranging from racial hatred to gender discrimination but what are hate crimes? According to Dr. Jack McDevitt, a criminologist at Northeastern University in Boston Hate crimes are message crimes, Hate crimes are defined as crimes that are violent act against people, property, or organizations because of the group to which they belong or identify with. The coined term â€Å"hate crimes† was first used No matterRead MoreAn Authoritarian Personality Is A Personality Type969 Words   |  4 PagesAn authoritarian personality is a personality type in which an individual inhibits prejudice. It is said to be caused by a variety of certain circumstances, which were determined by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford during the year 1950. Through many tests and analysis of over 2,000 respondents from middle-class Whites to inmates of San Quentin State Prison, they were able to figure out the characteristics associated with authoritarian personality. The characteristics include complianceRead MoreAuthoritarian Personality Is A Personality Type971 Words   |  4 PagesAuthoritarian Personality is a personality type in which an individual inhibits prejudice It is caused by a variety of certain circumstances, which were narrowed down by Adorno, Frenkel-Brunswik, Levinson, and Sanford during the year 1950. Through many tests and analysis of over 2,000 respondents from middle classes Whites to inmates of San Quentin State Prison, they were able to figure out the characteristics associated with authoritarian personality. The characteristics include compliance in beliefsRead MoreHate Crimes Should Be Abolished714 Words   |  3 PagesHate crimes should be abolished to due to the fact that these types of crimes only occur when someone or their property is attacked by another for the sole reason of discrimination and hate and may not be limited to an individual’s race, racial group, a nd religion, sexual orientation, ethnicity or gender identity. Hate crimes come in many forms such as images that depict hate, hate speech and the threat of physical harm. Sometimes crimes of hate occur because of a perceived threat of one group ofRead MoreHate Crime Essay1660 Words   |  7 PagesThe term hate crime developed in the early 1980s by reporters and government officials such as John Conyers and Mario Biaggi. Even though the interest of hate crimes has increased in recent developments, it has deep historic roots that dates back into time. Statistics of U.S. history has shown that assaults, murders, and acts of vandalism has stemmed from hatred. The first hate crime victims were Native Americans and since then almost all U.S. immigrants have been exposed to violence, discriminationRead MoreThe Impact Of Hate Violence On Victims883 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Hate Violence on Victims Introduction Evidently, the importance of crime as one of the major social problems in America has been documented for many years (Whitlock Bronski, 2016). For example, since the 1960s the American society has shown increased concern about the problems that are experienced by victims of crime, which has resulted in the establishment and development of many victim service programs across the country. At the same time, stakeholders have as well introduced newRead MoreHate Crimes, By Nelson Mandela1393 Words   |  6 PagesHate crimes consist of actions done against individuals or groups of people as a result of prejudice attitudes. These prejudices are based on race, religion, ethnicity or sexual orientation. Some crimes even go so far as to display actions against gender or physical and mental abilities (McDevitt, J., Levin, J., Bennett, S, 2002). As Nelson Mandela stated, a hateful attitude against others must be learned (Brainz, n.d.). Hate crimes are a learned attitude of prejudice against others because of

Bullying Is The Main Reason People Bully Essay - 1377 Words

Bullying is one of the worst things you can go through. It is where someone who is insecure, jealous, or going through something or whatever is happening and call people names or hit them or just be rude and cruel to them because they think it’s funny but it’s not. Or it’s just to make people feel bad or make them feel insecure about themselves or want to change themselves in any way possible to fit in which is really sad that you think that you should change yourself just to fit in you should embrace being yourself since being yourself and not caring what people think is the best thing you can do. Somethings I would like to know about bullying is what is the main reason people bully because I know there is a lot of reasons people bully but I would like to know what it actually is because there has to be a main cause for bullying. Another thing I’m curious about is how many people have actually killed themselves or self-harmed because of bullying because that is honestly the most horrible response to bullying. You should know people are there willing to help. Is there any laws against bullying, I know in school there are policy’s that address bullying, because they say to treat people the way you want to be treated but there is no punishment in schools that will stop kids from bullying because they are afraid if the say something and the kid bullying gets in trouble it will get worse but honestly it won’t get worse but they will help deal with it? What are the differentShow MoreRelatedBullying Is A Modern Threat Of The Security Of Many People Around The World1726 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality of a bully? There is no easy answer to that question, but a good place to start is by defining what a bully is. A bully is someone who uses strength and/or power to harm another individual. Bully is a label that most people do not wear all the time, but almost everybody has bullied somebody else in their lifetime and have been bullied in their life. Bullying can be so extreme that it can bring physical harm to some people. Bullying is a modern threat to the security of many people around theRead MoreBullying Is A Major Problem That Has Gradually Gotten Worser Over The Years.1046 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is a major problem that has gradually gotten worser over the years. With technology evolving teens have taken bullying to a new level, by cyberbullying. Bullying is a way of verbally or physically harming someone else to try and seem superior. People who bully are very insecure about themselves so they chose to bully others in order to make themselves feel better. There are others ways that teens may use to bully such as cyberbullying. Cyber bulling is a form of harassment online throughRead MoreBullying : Bullying And Bullying1030 Words   |  5 PagesFilar English 4/ Per: 1 9 May 2017 Bullying While doing research on bullying, I found studies on subject like cyber bullying, physical bullying, and verbal bullying. Bullying is a big problem now and has been in our society for some time. What is disturbing is that school is supposed to be a place where students learn and try to get away from outside problems but sadly some see it as a battlefield or place of survival. According to Webster s Dictionary, a bully is someone who is habitually cruelRead MoreBully 101: Kids Edition783 Words   |  3 PagesPsychological Association, â€Å"Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone intentionally and repeatedly causes another person injury or discomfort. Bullying can take the form of physical contact, words or more subtle actions† (Bullying, 2013). People bully each other for several reasons and there are different outcomes that are a result of those reasons. People can be bullied physically, emotionally, or verbally. Bullying can take place at school or onlin e. Bullying should be a consideredRead MoreThe Dangers Of Bullying That Teens And Kids Face811 Words   |  4 PagesThe Dangers of Bullying that Teens and Kids Face Getting kidnapped, having problems with drugs, being bullied, and teen pregnancy are just a few of the many dangers that teens and kids face every day. One of the biggest concerns today is bullying. Bullying can happen anywhere and is a problem that affects millions of kids and teens each year. Bullying is defined as an unwanted, aggressive behavior among school aged children that involves a real or perceived power imbalance. The behavior is repeatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children And Young Adults Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesworld where some people think that violence is the only answer to solve things that are wrong. Many people use violence because they think it’s an easier way to leave their problems but it doesn t help them leave their problem it just expands the problem. Some people even use violence to help them gain authority of others. One of the main things that people do to gain authority is by bullying others. Bullying is a huge problem in younger teens and young adults. It causes people to have low selfRead MoreEffects Of Cyberbullying968 Words   |  4 Pageseverybody today, both children and adults. Due to the development of technology today, cyber-bullying has become one of the most difficult issues to resolve in our society. Cyberbullying affects everybody today, both children and adults. Due to the development of technology today, cyber-bullying has become one of the most difficult issues to resolve in our society. The internet is used today, more than ever. People view the internet can be viewed on just about any new mobile device. The internet and mobileRead MoreWhy Bullying Is Bad Or Bad?1391 Words   |  6 Pages Why people Bully All around the world, many people today are bullied, and mistreated by others. There is not much of a definite reasoning to why one bullies, and puts other people down, but there are speculations to this problem. Many causes to why people bully one another is because the bully has insecurities of their own, they are jealous of their victim, family problems arise, and they like having the power that bullying has on others. Not only does bullying affect many throughout theRead MoreCyberbullying versus Traditional Bullying1690 Words   |  7 PagesBullying has been around since the beginning of time. Parents may remember when they were kids and the bully would pick on them or their friends by stealing lunch money or just getting beat up, and that was the end of it. The victims remember the hurt, frustration, and sadness it caused. However, these days, bullying is not just happening on the playground or at the bus stop, it is happening on the Internet and on cell phones, making it possible to bully a child 24 hours a day with multiple bulliesRead MoreDoes Bullying Affect A Child s Academic Achievement / Performance? Essay1746 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction DON’T FORGET TO CITE PROPERLY Title: How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance? Change from primary school to primary and middle school Abstract: Introduction: (is this the correct way of doing it) The research question for this paper is â€Å"How and why does bullying in primary school affect a child’s academic achievement/performance†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦um†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦................... Bullying is said to occur when a child is the target of any behaviour

Dracula Highlight Repressive Victorian Attitudes Towards Women Essay Example For Students

Dracula Highlight Repressive Victorian Attitudes Towards Women Essay This becomes apparent to us through the episode with the three female vampires. Harker is amazed at these creatures as he has never seen women so unrestrained before and he is deeply stunned. He seems helpless to do anything to fight against them and we find out that he does not want to fight them off as he finds them very attractive. He describes himself as having a wicked burning desire this implies that sex was regarded as evil and wrong. He knows that it is wrong and yet he waits with delightful anticipation of what is to come. In the Victorian society such feelings would not have been discussed, however Bram Stroker makes no attempt to cover up the intentions of the three vampires. Instead he chooses to place emphasis on the sexual element with vivid descriptions of the women and their seductiveness. He describes their lips as being voluptuous and their appearance very pleasing. Count Dracula is very much the master of the house, who as in Victorian society, was expected to provide for the women he has total control over them and they dare not disobey him for fear of the consequences. In this episode he provides them with a baby so that they will leave Harker alone. At the end of the episode we read that the three vampires disappeared into thin air. In my opinion Stoker was comparing this to the role of Victorian women, who in the home were expected to fade into the background. For indeed the concept of the ideal women was a much sought after creature innocent but sensual passive but alert and always obedient to men. The power of women is continually being undermined in Dracula. They are continually perceived as of weak, and even Mina one of the stronger women in the novel falls under the spell of Dracula. Mina is forced to suck blood from his bosom. This reflects the manifestation of male dominance and female servitude is evoked through the imagery. Stokers Dracula is an ambiguous figure, a source of both erotic anxiety and corrupt desire. He is the symbol of a relatively uncomplicated evil, which resided in secret wants and unconscious desire. This can be compared to the way the Victorians viewed themselves, they saw their feelings as wrong so they chose not to expose them: yet all these taboo subjects are highlighted in Bram Stokers novel. It is not known whether or not he intended to do this or if it was simply an unconscious telegraphing of his inner thoughts at the time.

Gender discrimination in ems Essay Example For Students

Gender discrimination in ems Essay The tones go off, there is a scramble for shirts, ties, and boots. Dispatch announces a motor vehicle accident five blocks away. EMTs and Paramedics climb into ambulances. Police are reporting multiple personal injuries. There is a rush of adrenaline through all those involved. The street comes alive with flashing red and white lights and screaming sirens. Ambulances tear down the street to the accident scene. They arrive to find four cars involved in a high-speed collision. There are seven people involved in this particular accident. Additional trucks are requested and the original scene repeats itself as three more teams join the first two at the scene. Emergency personnel work to disentangle patients from the wreckage of the vehicles. One patient is in full traumatic arrest. Three emergency medical workers operate together to intubate the patient and start IVs while they perform CPR and set up the defibrillator, while simultaneously searching for the patients identification. The team lifts the patient into the back of the ambulance, and while still compressing the patients chest, breathing for the patient, administering medications, and defibrillating all in an effort to help this patient avoid death, they speed off to the hospital. The EMTs and paramedics in the back of the ambulance continue their efforts enroute to the hospital while the ambulance ricochets off bumps and the workers are bounced all around the back of the vehicle. They finally arrive at the facility where one of the members of the team tells the triage nurse what is happening. They take the patient into a trauma room and lift the patient from their stretcher to the hospital bed. Finally they are allowed to clean up the back of the truck and head back to the base. The members of the team continue to talk about the run they just had while they clean the truck and drive back. They speculate about the condition of their patient, the other patients at the scene, and their co-workers. Things are beginning to return to the calmness that exists between calls. Having been exposed to a typical accident scene that most emergency medical personnel are used to working can be somewhat shocking. There are many questions, which arise after working a call like that just described. The one I would like to focus on is what were the names of the EMTs and Paramedics involved in the accident scene depicted? Jeff, Will, and John? Or could they possibly have been Charlene, Lee, and Tracy? Even in todays world of political correctness, there is still a very large gender bias when it comes to certain things, such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS). The number of men in the field is much higher than the number of women. Women, for the most part, are looked at as not being as capable of performing what is required of an Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) or a Paramedic as men are. EMTs and Paramedics are required to make split second, possibly life saving decisions, lift large amounts of weight, and work long hours in all conditions. Since most women are physically smaller than most men are, they are viewed as not being strong enough to lift patients or equipment in many situations. A personal example that proves this point happened to me one night while working my usual ambulance shift. My partner and I were called to help the paramedics treat a patient who had fallen down the stairs. Since the man had hit his head in his fall, we immobilized his head, neck, and back by strapping him to a board which was the same length as his body. The patient in this case was a fairly large man weighing probably around 350 pounds. I am female. My partner was a man, as were both paramedics. When the time came to lift the patient on the board from the ground to the stretcher, then into the truck, I, being a team player, grabbed a corner of the board to help the other three lift the patient. .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .postImageUrl , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:hover , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:visited , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:active { border:0!important; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:active , .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b6ac15da7f329a5985e087131295e8d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Changing Industry: Motion Picture Special Effect Essay One of the paramedics turned toward me and said, dont worry, we have it, why dont you go stand over by the truck and look cute. .

Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essay Example

Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry Essay Purpose and Scope All around the universe, the air hose industry could be described in few words, which is intensely competitory and dynamic . The air hose industry generates one million millions of dollars every twelvemonth but still has a cumulative net income border of less than 1 % 1. Many Airlines are seeking to retrieve from deep debt. The grounds for these are multifold- fuel monetary values, high cyclicality and seasonality, ferocious competition, high fixed costs and many other issues related to security and riders safety. To guarantee for the best economic result, Airline companies are seeking with their most originative plus information. Datas used in concurrence with informations mining techniques allows comprehensive intelligent direction and decision-making system. Achieving these benefits in a timely and intelligent mode may assist in ensuing lower operating costs, better client service, market fight, increased net income border and stockholder value addition. This intent of this paper is to show the applications of informations mining techniques on multiple facets of air hose concern. For illustration, to foretell the figure of domestic and international air hose riders from a specific city/airport, to dynamically monetary value the tickets depending on seasonality and demand, to research the frequent circular database to fix for CRM execution, to makes the operational determinations about catering, forces, and gate traffic flow, to help the security bureaus for secure and safe flights for the rider specially after 9/11 incident. Predict the Number of Passenger by using Data Mining Technique We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Applications of Data Mining Techniques in Airline Industry specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Prediction is critical to any concern for planning and gross direction, particularly in the Airline industry, where a batch of planning is required to buy/lease new aircrafts, to engage crew members, to happen the new slots in busy airdromes and to acquire the blessings from many air power governments. In the instance of Air travel, batch of seasonality and cyclicality involved. Passengers are more likely to wing to some finishs based on the clip of the twelvemonth. Business travellers are likely to go weekdays than weekends. Early forenoon and eventide flights are desired by concern travellers who want to carry through a twenty-four hours s work at their finish and return the same twenty-four hours. To calculate the figure of rider, unreal nervous web ( ANN ) can be used. The intent of a nervous web is to larn to acknowledge forms in a given informations. Once the nervous web has been trained on samples of the given informations, it can do anticipations by observing similar forms in future informations. The growing factors which might act upon the air travel demand depend on several things. Mauro Calvano2 in his survey of conveyance Canada air power prognosis 2002-2016 considered 12 major socio-economic factors as follows: GDP Personal Disposable income Adult Populations US economic Mentality Airline Yield Fleet/route structure/Average Aircraft Size Passenger Load factors Labor cost and productiveness Fuel cost/Fuel efficiency Airline cost other than Fuel and Labor Passenger Traffic Allocation Assumptions New engineering Factors 1 to 5 are related demand side of the prognosis Factors 6 to 10 are related to operations and supply side Factors 10 and 11 represent the structural alterations This historical information is called the appraisal set. A fraction of the overall available information is reserved for formalizing the truth of the developed prognosis theoretical account. This reserved information set is called the prediction set because no information contained in it is used in any signifier during the development of the prognosis theoretical account. The information in the prediction set are used for proving the true extrapolative belongingss of the developed prognosis theoretical account. The appraisal set is farther divided into a preparation set and a testing set. Information in the preparation set is used straight for the finding of the prognosis theoretical account, whereas information in the testing set is used indirectly for the same intent. Figure1: Forecasting Process Model For a given ANN architecture and a preparation set, the basic mechanism behind most supervised acquisition regulations is the updating of the weights and the prejudice footings, until the mean squared mistake ( MSE ) between the end product predicted by the web and the desired end product ( the mark ) is less than a pre-specified tolerance. Nervous webs are can be represented as beds of functional nodes. The most general signifier of a nervous web theoretical account used in prediction can be written as: Y = F [ H1 ( x ) , H2 ( x ) , aˆÂ ¦ . , Hn ( x ) ] + U Where, Y is a dependant or end product variable, Ten is a set of input/ influencing variables, F A ; H s are web maps, and U is a theoretical account mistake. This input bed is connected to a concealed bed. Hs are the concealed bed nodes and represents different nonlinear maps. Each node in a bed receives its input from the predating bed through nexus which has weights assigned, which get adjusted utilizing an appropriate acquisition algorithm and the information contained in the preparation set. Figure2: ANN Architecture Abdullah Omer BaFail3 did the survey to calculate the figure of air hose rider in Saudi Arabia. He selected the most influencing factors to calculate the figure of domestic riders in the different metropoliss of Saudi Arabia. For Dhahran he selected factors like: Oil gross domestic merchandise for last 6 old ages, private non-oil gross domestic merchandise, Import of goods and services for last 10 old ages, and population size for last 2 old ages. The domestic and international existent and forecasted figure of riders for the metropolis of Dhahran for the old ages 1993 through 1998 is shown below. Prognosiss underestimated the existent travel. The Mean Absolute Percentage Error ( MAPE ) for domestic travel is about 10 % , while for international travel is about 3 % . Figure3: Forecasting consequences from Abdullah Omer BaFail3 The take away from the Abdullah Omer BaFail3 for me is that the efficient prediction theoretical account can be invented utilizing ANN if we utilizing the right influencing indexs. In this survey some indexs which influence are oil gross domestic merchandise and per capita income in the domestic and international sectors. In position of the fluctuating nature of the rider use of air hose services in Saudi Arabia, certain suggestions were made. Most of these recommendations were in order to better the flexibleness of the system to the fluctuations in demand and supply. Hub and spike theoretical account was besides suggested as solutions in certain sectors to increase the flexibleness in seting their capacity allotments across markets as new information about demand conditions become available. Application of Data Mining technique to foretell the Airline Passengers No-show Ratess Airlines overbook the flights based on the outlook that some per centum of engaged riders will non demo for each flight. Accurate prognosiss of the expected figure of no-shows for each flight can increase air hose gross by cut downing the figure of perishable seats ( empty seats that might otherwise hold been sold ) and the figure of nonvoluntary denied embarkation s at the going gate. Typically, the simplest manner is to travel for mean no-show rates of historically similar flights, without the usage of passenger-specific information. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in their research paper predicted the no-show rates utilizing specific information on the single riders booked on each flight. The Airlines offer multiple menus in different booking category. The figure of seats allocated to each booking category is driven by demand for each category, such that gross is maximized. For illustration, few seats can be kept on clasp for the last-minute travellers with high menus and figure of seats sold in lower-fare categories earlier in the engagement procedure. Footings and conditions of cancellation and no-show besides vary in each category. The no-shows consequences in lost gross if the flight departs with empty seats that might otherwise hold been sold. Near accurate prognosiss of the expected figure of no-shows for each flight are really much desirable because the under-prediction of no-shows leads to loss of possible gross from empty seats, while over-prediction can bring forth a important cost punishment associated with denied embarkations at the going gate and besides make client dissatisfaction. In the simplest theoretical account, the overbooking bound is taken as the capacity plus the estimated figure of no-shows. Engagements are offered up to this degree. No-shows Numberss are predicted utilizing time-series methods such as taking the seasonally leaden traveling norm of no-shows for old cases of the same flight. Figure4: No-show tendency over yearss to departure Beginning: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 The simple theoretical account does non take history of specific features of the riders. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 in his survey used categorization method, likewise Kalka and Weber5 at Lufthansa used initiation trees to calculate passenger-level no-show chances, and compared their truth with conventional, historical-based methods. I tried to sum up Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 attack and consequences briefly below. Whenever a ticket is booked the Passenger Name Records ( PNRs ) is generated and all the rider information is recorded. The PNR information includes, for each rider, particulars of all flights in the path, the engagement category, and rider specific information such as frequent-flier rank, fining position, and the agent or channel through which the engagement originated. Each PNR is besides specified whether the rider was a no-show for the specified flight. In the simplest theoretical account the average no-show rate over a group of similar historical flights is computed. The mean in bend used to foretell the figure of no-shows over all engagement categories. The passenger-level theoretical account given by can be implemented utilizing any categorization method capable of bring forthing the normalized chances. The PNR records are partitioned into sections, and separate prognostic theoretical accounts are developed for each section. In the passenger-level mold we characterize each utilizing the PNR inside informations. Let Xi ; one = 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦..I denote I characteristics associated with each rider. Uniting all characteristics yields the characteristic vector Ten = [ X1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦Xi ] Each rider, n = 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.N, booked on flight m is represented by the vector of characteristic values xmn = [ xmn, 1aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ xmn, iaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦.. xmn, I ] We know the predicted no-show rate from the historical theoretical account ; it is assumed the rider inherits the no-show rate. The rider degree prognostic theoretical account is so stated as follows: given a set of category labels cmn a set of characteristic vectors xmn and a cabin degree historical anticipation A µmhist predict the end product category of rider N on flight m: P ( C = cmn | A µmhist, X= xmn ) We are specifically interested in the no-show chance, cmn = NS, and compose this chance in the simplified signifier P ( NS | A µmhist, xmn ) The figure of no-shows in the cabin is estimated as a?‘ P ( NS | A µmhist, xmn ) The summing of chances for each rider in the cabin, gives no-show rate for the cabin. An correspondent attack can besides be used to foretell no-show rates at the fare-class degree. Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 comparison consequences computed utilizing the historical, passenger-level, and cabin-level theoretical accounts. The theoretical accounts were built utilizing about 880,000 PNRs booked on 10,931 flights, and evaluated against 374,900 PNRs booked on 4088 flights. The figure shows a conventional lift curve computed utilizing the three different executions of the passenger-level theoretical account. Figure 5: Addition Charts Beginning: Lawernce, Hong, Cherrier4 Each point on the lift curve shows the fraction of existent no-shows observed in a sample of PNRs selected in order of diminishing no-show chance. The diagonal line shows the baseline instance in which it is assumed that the chances are drawn from a random distribution. The three executions of the passenger-level theoretical account place about 52 % of the existent no-shows in the first 10 % of the sorted PNRs. This is one of the manner the Airlines can integrate informations excavation theoretical accounts integrating specific information on single riders can bring forth more accurate anticipations of no-show rates than conventional, historical based, statistical methods. Application of Data Mining technique to Strategies Customer Relationship Management In the current clip most of the industries utilizing frequence selling plans as a scheme for retaining client trueness in the signifier of points, stat mis, dollars, beans and so on. Airlines are a large fan of this Kingfishers Kingmiles, Jet Airways Jet Privilege, American Airlines AAdvantage, Japan Airlines Mileage Bank, KrisFlyer Miles etc. they all seemed to hold carved their ain individualities. Frequent Flyer Program presents an priceless chance to garner client information. It helps to understand the behavioral forms, unveil new chances, client acquisition and keeping chances. This helps Airlines to place the most valuable and the appropriate schemes to utilize in developing one-to-one relationships with these clients. The aim of informations mining application over the frequent circular client informations could be many, but ideally it is as follows: Customer cleavage Customer satisfaction analysis Customer activity analysis Customer keeping analysis Some of the illustrations in each class are: Classify the clients into groups based on sectors most often flown, category, period of twelvemonth, clip of the twenty-four hours, intent of the trip. Which types of clients are more valuable? Do most valuable clients receive the value for money? What are the properties and features of the most valuable client sections? What type of run is appropriate for best usage of resources? What are the chances to up-selling and cross-selling, for illustration hotel engagement, ascent to following category, recognition card, etc. Design bundles or grouping of services Customer acquisition. Yoon6 designed a database cognition find procedure dwelling of five stairss: choosing application sphere, mark informations choice, pre-processing informations, pull outing cognition, and reading and rating. This survey refers to the Yoon procedure to cover with three excavation stages, including the pre-process, data-mining, and reading stages for air hoses, as illustrated in figure below. Figure 6: database cognition find procedure Beginning: Yoon6 Some straightforward solution can be implemented that can besides be scaled-up in future like K-means, Kohonen self-organizing webs and categorization trees. In the instance of K-means algorithm, it is applied on client informations, delegating each to the closest bing bunch centre. The K- means theoretical account is run with different bunch figure until K-means bunchs are good separated. In the instance of categorization trees ( C5.0 ) , we derive a simple regulation set to unambiguously sort the complete database. Again, we have to bring forth the properties, ensuing from the sequence of flight sections. The truth of the prognosis for each section is provided by equilibrating the preparation set harmonizing to every bit sized bunchs. We regulate the figure of subsequent regulations, while finding a minimum Numberss of records given within each subgroup. Maalouf and Mansour7 did the survey based on 1,322,409 client activities minutess and 79,782 riders for a period of 6 old ages. They prepared Data based on Z-Score Normalization and ran the multiple questions and transformed the informations to make the bunch input records. They used K-means and O-Cluster algorithms. The consequence generated by constellating provides client cleavage with regard to of import dimensions of clients demands and value. The tabular array below is the consequence is a sum-up of the profile produced by k-means constellating that includes: gross milage, figure of services used, and client rank period. Figure 7: Clustering consequence on Airline Customer Data Beginning: Maalouf and Mansour7 The consequences generated by k-means constellating are used as a footing for the association regulations algorithm. Two different scenarios have been applied. The first scenario is based on Financial , Flight , and Hotel activities with 1,896 records. The 2nd scenario is based on the flight activities particularly the sectors, with 1,867 records. Figure 8: Association regulations for best client activities Beginning: Maalouf and Mansour7 Some of the take manner from Meatloaf and Mansour7 survey. Clustering utilizing k-means algorithm generated 9 different bunchs with specific profile for each one. From the bunch analysis it can be found which are the best client bunchs ( higher milage per rider ) than other bunchs. Necessitate a keeping scheme for these bunchs. Cross Selling schemes can be formulated between the bunchs ( for illustration between: 15 and 11 ; 13 and 17 because they are close in services value. The bunch analysis provides an chance for the air hose to bring forth more gross from a client. For illustration, the air hose could use an up-selling scheme by selling a higher menu place depending on the bunchs. From the bunch analysis Airline may follow an enhanced scheme for clients in bunchs in order to increase services usage and gross milage per rider. Plan for marketing run or particular offers by analysis through association regulations, for illustration, the clients utilizing the Flight and Financial services neer use the Hotel Services and the clients utilizing the Flight and Hotel services neer use the Financial Services. By analysing the services used in different bunchs, Airline can qualify services integrating. It enables the air hose to function a client the manner the client wants to be served. Application of Data Mining Application technique to understand the Impacts of Severe Weather Severe conditions has major impacts on the air traffic and flight holds. Appropriate proactive schemes for different severe-weather yearss may ensue in betterment of holds and cancellations. Therefore, understanding en-route conditions impacts on flight public presentation is an of import measure for bettering flight public presentation. Zohreh and Jianping8 in their survey proposed a model for informations mining attack to analysis of conditions impacts on Airspace system public presentation. This attack consists of three stages: informations readying, characteristic extraction, and informations excavation. The information readying stage includes the usual procedure of choice of informations beginnings, informations integrating, and informations data format. Figure 9: Model proposed by Zohreh and Jianping8 He used three informations beginnings: Airline Service Quality Performance ( ASQP ) , Enhanced Traffic Management System ( ETMS ) , and National Convective Weather Forecast ( NCWF ) supplied by National Center for Atmospheric Research. He used NCWF informations from April through September 2000 to stand for the terrible conditions season. These data-sets included the scheduled and existent going and arrival times of each flight of 10 coverage air hoses, tail figure, wheels off/on times, cab times, cancellation and recreation information, planned going and arrival times, existent going and arrival times, planned flight paths, existent flight paths, and cancellations, flight frequences between two airdromes, intended flight paths between two airdromes, flight holds, flight cancellations, and flight recreations. The image cleavage stage resulted in a set of severe-weather parts. Then for each of these parts, a set of conditions characteristics and a set of air traffic characteristics are extracted. A twenty-four hours is described by a set of severe-weather parts, each holding a figure of conditions and traffic characteristics. As a consequence of this survey it was found that there is strong correlativity of out of use flights, # of bad conditions parts, bad conditions airdromes, blocked distance, bad conditions longitude, by base on balls distance, bad conditions latitude, # of bad conditions pels with flight public presentation. Similarly the bunch algorithms ( like K-means ) can be applied. The outlook is that the same bunchs have similar conditions impacts on flight public presentation. Zohreh and Jianping8 generated bunchs for the full air space It was found that a bunch with worse conditions about ever had bad public presentation. The bunchs with big per centum of out of use flights, beltway distance, and blocked distance had a worse public presentation. These consequences were promising and showed that yearss in a bunch have similar conditions impacts on flight public presentation Other informations excavation attack which can be applied is Classifications. Application of Classification can assist us detect the patterns/rules that have important impact on the flight public presentation. Discovered regulations may be used to foretell if a twenty-four hours is a good or a bad public presentation twenty-four hours based on its conditions. For illustration Rule for Good: if % BlockedFlights lt ; = xxx and BypassDistance lt ; = yyy so Good ( n, prob ) There can be different ways where we can use informations mining attack to analysis of upwind impact on air hose public presentation. It seems to be that consequences obtained from constellating and categorizations were really meaningful for air hose and riders to be after in front. Application of Data Mining techniques to guarantee safety and security of Airlines rider The reaction of the terrorist onslaught on 26/9 and 11/9 end point in addition Security at airdromes: It ends up leting merely ticketed riders past the security Gatess, screen carry-on baggage more carefully for possible arms. The inquiry is whether these stairss could hold avoided the onslaughts, the people involved in the onslaught had legitimate tickets, and transporting box cutters and razor blades ( like in any other normal individual would make ) . The uncommon was the combination of their features, like none were U.S. citizens, all had lived in the U.S. for some period of clip, all had connexions to a peculiar foreign state, all had purchased one-way tickets at the gate with hard currency. With the sum of informations available about the rider during fining, the can be reviewed to qualify relevant available rider information. Give a rider s name, reference, and a contact phone figure, assorted informations bases ( public or private ) can place the societal security figure ( SSN ) , from which much information will be readily available ( recognition history, constabulary record, instruction, employment, age, gender, etc. ) . Since there is big figure of features available on both single riders, it will be of import to placing signals within the natural variableness or noise . If predicted incorrectly, this may take to either falsely confining an guiltless rider or neglecting to confine a plane that carries a terrorist. The air hoses already collect much informations on assorted flights. When the informations come in the signifier of multiple features on a individual point, exploratory tools for multivariate informations can be applied, such as categorization, arrested development trees, multivariate adaptative arrested development splines/trees. The security of the air transit can be improved well through modern, intelligent usage of pattern acknowledgment techniques applied to big linked databases. Similarly Data excavation techniques can be used for the Safety of the rider. An air safety office plays a cardinal function in guaranting that an air power organisation operates in a safe mode. Currently, Aviation Safety offices collect and analyze the incident studies by a combination of manual and machine-controlled methods.. Data analysis is done by safety officers who are really familiar with the sphere. With Data mining one can happen interesting and utile information hidden in the informations that might non be found by merely tracking and questioning the information, or even by utilizing more sophisticated question and coverage tools. In a survey done by Zohreh Nazeri, Eric Bloedorn, Paul Ostwald10 it was found that happening associations and distribution forms in the informations, conveying of import interior. The other determination is Associating the incident studies to other beginnings of safety related informations, such as aircraft care and conditions informations, could assist happening better causal relationships. SumMRry Business Intelligence through efficient and appropriate Data excavation application can be really utile in the Airline industry. The Appropriate action programs from the information excavation analysis can ensue in improved client service, aid bring forthing considerable fiscal lift and set the hereafter scheme.

The Domestication of Horses

The Domestication of Horses Domestication is the process by which humans take wild species and acclimatize them to breeding and surviving in captivity. In many cases, domesticated animals serve some purpose for humans (food source, labor, companionship). The process of domestication results in physiological and genetic changes in the organisms over generations. Domestication differs from taming in that tamed animals are born in the wild while domesticated animals are bred in captivity. When Where Were Horses Domesticated? The history of horses in human culture can be traced back as far as 30,000 BC when horses were depicted in Paleolithic cave paintings. The horses in the paintings resembled wild animals and it is thought that true domestication of horses did not occur for tens of thousands of years to come. It is thought that the horses depicted in the Paleolithic cave paintings were hunted for their meat by humans. There are several theories as to when and where domestication of the horse occurred. Some theories estimate that domestication occurred at about 2000 BC while other theories place domestication as early as 4500 BC. Evidence from mitochondrial DNA studies suggests that the domestication of horses occurred in multiple locations and at various times. It is generally thought that Central Asia is among the sites that domestication occurred, with sites in Ukraine and Kazakhstan providing archeological evidence. What Role Did the First Domesticated Horses Play? Throughout history, horses have been used for riding and for pulling carriages, chariots, plows, and carts. They played a significant role in warfare by carrying soldiers into battle. Because the first domesticated horses are thought to have been quite small, it is more likely that they were used to pull carts than for riding.

Developing Materials for Reading and Writing Skills Essay

Developing Materials for Reading and Writing Skills - Essay Example Developing Materials for Reading and Writing Skills On the other hand, the skill of writing is difficult when compared to reading because writing requires more effort in terms of correctness of grammar, use, or appropriacy of expression, punctuation, spelling, and of comprehension on the reader's part. But, I think if a reader has world knowledge and has a habit of reading a range of texts across different domains, s/he will be able to comprehend unfamiliar texts with ease. This paper is presented with an assumption that reading texts of various genres is likely to enhance the writing ability of a student because a fluent reader's word knowledge as well as knowledge of the academic texts is considered to be high, as aptly reported by (Kintsch, 1998) that skilled readers are good decoders with an ability to recognize words twice as fast as unskilled readers. Therefore, I believe that the teacher's approach towards classroom instruction should focus on various academic genres, and in integrating reading and writing skills that help students develop relevant academic vocabulary used across various disciplines. Studies also indicate that readers' knowledge in a domain helps in understanding the text better than readers with little or no knowledge in a domain (Sampson, 2003). However, the ever changing scenario in education and teaching approaches nudges the students to learn various reading and writing strategies that would help them succeed academically. At the same time, teachers and researchers continue to churn out various curricula, and device a variety of reading strategies in order to determine the most effective strategy that would help students to be effective learners. Though, these strategies (Simpson, 2000) were assumed to be part of a hidden curriculum, realizing their importance various studies have been carried out since 1960 till today by researchers. As (Simpson, 2000) pointed out that "The advantages of teaching strategies within a context are numerous. Students can learn how to define and interpret academic tasks, establish goals, and select the appropriate strategies, and then evaluate the utility of those strategies in relationship to the specific contexts". Along side, latest research trends and best practices continue to evolve based on sound theory and research. The skill of reading The purpose of reading can be classified into two categories depending on what they are read for - for pleasure or for information. Similarly, the purpose of reading varies from situation to situation and from text to text. Since reading is an active process, a reader's understanding of any text depends on the application of mental faculties. Therefore, the reader should have the knowledge of the writing system, the language, the ability to interpret, the knowledge of the world and a reason for reading. Thus, while reading a reader interacts with a text decodes it and constructs meaning. In the process, what the reader constructs depends on what the writer writes. On the contrary, poor or passive readers lack certain abilities as (Farr, 2003) stated that poor readers fail to relate with background knowledge, make interpretations, or understand the purpose of reading, in short they do not think while reading. A number of reading strate